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Sunday, August 6, 2017

AAL’S LABYRINTH HISTORY An Alternative Viewpoint…..contd. 25



c2800 BCE      PHARAOH DJOSER (Zoser) begins the 3rd Egyptian Dynasty although he is thought to follow an earlier king by the name of Nebka. Various authors nominate dates between now and 2686 BCE as the foundation of the 3rd Dynasty. Zoser is also called Asclepius by the Egyptians because of his medical knowledge (80) but according to another author (175) this appellation was given to Imhotep, his architect. Zoser built the earliest pyramid at Saqqara and is known for his learning and love of literature. (80. 175.) With this Pharaoh, there is clear evidence of three main religious centers, at Heliopolis, Memphis and Hermopolis. At Heliopolis (Egyptian ON) the sun god Re, who had begun to replace the older god Atum at the commencement of the dynastic period, takes the name Re-Atum and his symbol is the Bennu bird. (49)


Bennu bird; soul of Re.

                       A new form of religion seems to have been introduced in the 3rd Dynasty, that of sun worship, possibly replacing an older star worship, and with this new religion, the first practice of mummification and of temple building occurs. In the future, after the 4th Dynasty, the majority of Pharaohs will take an official name on coming to the throne. This name will be an epithet compounded with the name of the Sun-god Re, and like the personal name will be enclosed in a cartouche. (80)

                       HUNI is the last ruler of the 3rd Egyptian Dynasty and attributed with the earliest known pyramid in the Fayum, at Maidum. Originally the pyramid is constructed on 8 ‘steps’. Huni’s successor will be Snofru/Sneferu (113. 175) born of Meresankh. Following a period of decline, the Fayum area will be upgraded in 2300 BCE by the future Pharaoh Amenemhet I.

                       These Old Kingdom dynasties of Egypt have contact with Canaanite lands and there is an exchange of language and crafts. Canaanite Byblos is a colony of Egypt and the outlet for the hardwoods of Lebanon. (173)

2791 BCE        SNOFRU [Sneferu] CHEOPS [Khufu] CHEPHREN [Khafra] & MYCERINUS [Men-Kau-Re] are the accepted builders of the Great Pyramids of the IV Egyptian Dynasty. This is one of many orthodox dates put forward for the Pyramid Texts. At this time, the stars Benetnasch [Alcaid] and Spica are viewed together in the sky and they culminate as the Sun enters Sr.t (Seret) ‘the Sheep’ known to us as Aries. Benetnasch and Spica are seen as the terminus of a 60° arc across the heavens. This arc extended, cuts through the star Thuban (Alpha Draconis) the pole star of this time, thus dividing the heavens in two by a great circle that is at right angles to the star Sirius. (30)


Pyramids of the Giza Plateau, Egypt.

                       An Egyptian Earth ceremony reflected these celestial patterns. This ceremony, called Pedjeshes (Pedj -to stretch: Shes - a cord) is evidenced in the monumental ornaments of the temples of Abydos, Heliopolis, Denderah and Edfu. In this ceremony, the reigning pharaoh, and a priestess personifying Seshat (goddess of writing) proceed to the proposed temple site with a golden mallet and two pegs connected by a cord. Seshat drives home her peg at an appointed spot. The Pharaoh sights the Constellation Meskhetyew (Ursa Major) and aligns the cord between the hoof star (Benetnasch/Alcaid) and Spica, and then drives in the second peg, thereby marking the position of the axis for the new temple.



                       Similarly, Assyrian Temples between 2930-603 BC are orientated, at dawn on the 1st Nisan, to the point of intersection with the horizon and a great circle of the sphere that passes through Benetnasch and Spica. Therefore, the temples of Egypt, and Assyria had an axis that reflected the great circle of the heavens and used Spica as a marking-star. (30)

c2740             SNOFRU [Sneferu] built a pyramid at Medu (Ded-Snefru) in the Fayium and the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur, which is considered by some to be the oldest true pyramid. Snefru builds ships of meru-wood and cedar wood to facilitate trade with the east. (80) Other authors put Snefru reign at 2625 BCE.
                       MERESANKH as the mother of Snofru, is taken as the founder of the 4th Egyptian Dynasty. (175)
                       HETEPHERES I the wife of Snofru and by him, is the mother of the next pharaoh, Khufu. (49)

c2704 BCE      HWANG-TI [The Yellow Emperor] is the legendary civilizer of China. The knowledge and philosophy of Hwang-Ti will be incorporated into the philosophy of the ‘Tao’ by Lao-Tse c604 BCE. (6) Hwang-Ti’s philosophy was based on number mysticism and provides the foundation for later philosophies of Confucius and Lao-Tse. The original work of Hwang-Ti, the ‘I Ching’ or ‘Book of Changes’, is a set of linear signs or symbols called ‘Trigrams’, which are used as an oracle. (120)
                      
c2700 BCE      KING OF KISH dominates the 13 city states of Sumer in Mesopotamia. (46) Sumerian city-states rise to dominance in the following order; Kish, Uruk, Ur, Lagash and Umma.

c2680 BCE      KHUFU (Cheops) c2680-2560 BCE (Dynasty IV. Petrie gives 3998 BCE) This Pharaoh, son of Sneferu, (49) is credited with building the ‘Great Pyramid’ of Cheops (Knum Khufu) at Gizeh, northern Egypt. The central passage of this pyramid is aligned to the Pole Star Thuban of the constellation Draco.  However, it is thought that between 2750 and 2700 BCE the Pole Axis shifted from the star Eltanin to Thuban, Alpha Draconis and used by the pyramid builders to fix their North-South orientations. (11. 67. 29) This provides some conflict as to the actual dating of the pyramids of Giza.

                       Note the alignment of the 3 major pyramids and their correspondence to the belt of Orion (at this supposed time of building, the celestial equator was 12° below the belt stars (11) but in 1990s CE the celestial equator will pass through the belt stars. Is this timing significant to a new Aeon or the ‘New Age’ of Aquarius?
                       *The word Pharaoh is the Hebrew and Biblical term for the kings of Egypt. It is derived from the Egyptian word meaning ‘the great house’. (21)
                       According to Otto Muck, Khufu or Cheops, married a white European with red hair and blue eyes, possibly a Druid. Their daughter, Meresank III married a European named Didoufri. Didoufri reformed the Egyptian calendar, which was now out of alignment with nature, and thus caused problems with the timing of the Nile flooding. (68)

                       KHAFRA (Chephren) son of Khufu, is credited with building a second pyramid on the Giza Plateau and which incorporates the Great Sphinx. (49)

                    MEN-KAU-RE (Mycerinus) son of Khafra, builds the 3rd pyramid of Giza. (49) Men-kau-re reopened the temples closed previously by Khufu. (80) Some authors attribute this third pyramid to the Eygptian Pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut. (108) But orthodoxy puts her reign in the Fifteenth Century.