AAL’S LABYRINTH HISTORY An Alternative Viewpoint…..contd. #68

 Athenian College as depicted by Raphael 16^th century CE

c465               ANAXAGORAS of Clazomenae (c500-428 BCE) Greek Ionian philosopher who teaches at Athens. He is the teacher of Euripides, Pericles and possibly Socrates.  Anaxagoras believes that all matter is composed of ‘seeds’ or minute particles. He explains the true nature of eclipses.  Towards the end of his life Anaxagoras will be exiled from Athens for his ‘impious’ teaching that the sun is a white-hot stone and the moon to be composed of earth and merely reflected the sun’s rays rather than having a light of its own. Anaxagoras believes that matter is infinitely divisible; that any piece of matter, regardless of how small it is, contains portions of all kinds of matter; he believes that order is produced from chaos by an intelligent principle. Anaxagoras posited that the universe is constituted of an infinite number of minute, qualitatively different seeds moved by a transcendent primordial Mind known as ‘Nous’. (12.19.114)

Anaxagoras studies Ecliptic cycles.

c460               EMPEDOCLES (c490-430 BCE) Greek philosopher and poet, born at Acragas, Sicily. He writes ‘On Nature’, a work in which he agreed with Parmenides that there could be no absolute coming into exist or ceasing to exist; that all change in the world is the result of two contrary cosmic forces, ‘Love and Strife’. These forces separate and mix to create four everlasting elements, Earth, Water, Air and Fire. This doctrine of four elements will become central to Western thought for 2000 years through its adoption by Aristotle. (6) Much of Empedocles work derives from ancient Orphic sources. (6.162)

c455               SOPHOCLES (496-406 BCE) a Greek playwright of genius whose tragedies are destined to become looked upon as the high point in Attic drama. His play ‘Oedipus Rex’ is one of the most influential plays ever written and records a powerful conjunction of character and destiny. The relentless recognition of hidden truth, in this work, its paradoxes of human knowledge and ignorance, will provide Aristotle [361 BCE) with his model tragic plot of his ‘Poetics’. Far into the future, the work ‘Oedipus Rex’ will be the inspiration for Sigmund Freud to write, ‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ (1900 CE) a work which will give a mythic prototype for Sigmund’s ‘Oedipus’ complex, and a central feature of the future millennium of 20^th century psychoanalytic theory. (102)

Oedipus. Painted by Giroust 18C CE

c454               HERODOTUS (b.c.484 BCE) known as the father of factual history. A Greek born in Asia Minor, he is a great traveller of the known world of his time. He will be remembered in the future as being an authority on the ancient Persian wars and which archaeological research will eventually confirm.  Herodotus gives much information on the customs and practices of the Egyptians of his time. (6) Herodotus is the first major source of Egyptian history from antiquity. His works are based on the viewing of monuments and on interviews conducted. Herodotus said ‘the priests told me it was Men (Menes, meaning the first influx of light) who was the first king of Egypt. (49) Herodotus identifies the Egyptian god Thoth, with the Greek god Hermes. Many Greeks, such as Thales, Solon, and Pythagoras, will take initiation into the Egyptian Mysteries when on their travels to that land. In this way, the ancient knowledge will be transmitted on to the Hellenic world of Greece. (277)

c440               ICTINUS Greek architect, who with others, designs and builds the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens. Ictinus is also architect of the ‘Temple of Apollo Epicurius’ at Bassae, Arcadia. This is the first appearance of Corinthian architecture. Ictinus also works on the ‘Telesterion’ or ‘Hall of Mysteries’ at Eleusis. (102)

c435               EURIPIDES (c484-406 BCE) youngest of the three great Greek tragedians, the other two being Aeschylus (480 BCE) and Sophocles (c455 BCE). Euripides’ world view reflects the political, social, and intellectual crises of late 5^th-century Athens. (102)

Herodotus, historian & traveller. 

2C CE Roman copy of earlier Greek bust.

To Talk about the Soul

 Sun aligned with the star Dubhe of the constellation Ursa Major. The morning star is Sirius of the constellation Canis Major.

Can we describe the SOUL from an astrological chart?

Soul is a self-perpetuating, self-progressive, self-knowing energy form. Soul is moved by spirit but enmeshes into material conditions to become self-knowing; ‘to know itself’ – as the Delphic Oracle commands. 

The Delphic Oracle of Greece

This knowledge of the self comes through an encounter with the not-self, an encounter with what is opposite to self. We come to know our strengths, not merely by tensing our muscles but by straining against antagonism; by contrasting self with not-self; by pitting ourselves against the oppositions of the environment and other people’s points of view. The vehicle of gaining this soul knowledge is the physical body, challenged by a physical world.

Sunrise across the desert

The reason that we forget that we are a soul in a separate physical body, and yet all of one common origin, is that the challenges of life would be removed if this were the case. If we remembered where we came from and how all is united by thought and energy, what would be the point of fighting and challenging? It seems that real power of growth, knowledge and understanding can only come from combat – in this case by engaging in material conditions. Through the play of hate and love, we come to know ourselves. To remember our primal happiness would be a deterrent to this process. 

The blood of Sekhmet, Egyptian Lion goddess of the constellation Leo.

After a period of refreshment [called death] the impulse towards fresh experience and unfoldment becomes potent once more and the soul again descends to take up residence in a physical body, at a time and place appropriate for experiencing its wishes, choices and aspirations for growth and self-knowledge. AND this will be captured in the horoscope of birth. 

 

[Adapted from C.E.O.  Carter, ‘The Zodiac and the Soul’ 1972]

Sirius rising in Australia on the 8^th day of the 8^th month

Some call it the Lion’s Gate.

When the Sun is in the tropical zodiac sign of Leo and aligns with star Dubhe, then the great star of goddess Isis, called Sirius, can be seen rising before the Sun in the early morning light. Egyptian mythology says that the soul of Isis resides with this star. Isis-Hathor, nourisher of the world and its creatures.

Hymn of Isis

“Behold me, Lucius; moved by thy prayers, I appear to thee;

I, who am Nature, the parent of all things, the mistress of all the elements,

The primordial offspring of time, the supreme among Divinities,

The queen of departed spirits, the first of the celestials,

And the uniform manifestation of the Gods and Goddesses;

Who govern by my nod the luminous heights of heaven, the salubrious breezes 

Of the ocean, and the anguished silent realms of the shades below:

Whose one sole divinity the whole orb of the earth venerates 

Under a manifold form, with different rites, and under a variety of appellations.

The Phrygians call me Pessinuntica, the Mother of the Gods; 

The Aborigines of Attica, Cecropian Minerva; the Cyprians, Paphian Venus; 

The Cretans, Diana Dictyanna; the Sicilians, Stygian Proserpine; 

The Eleusinians, the ancient Goddess Ceres.

Some call me Juno, others Bellona, others Hecate, and others Rhamnusia.

The Aethiopians and the Egyptians, call me by my true name, Queen Isis.

Lucius Apuleius ‘Golden Ass’, Book XI.

Mother Isis