c1273 BCE
KING UNTASHGAL [Untash-Gal/Untash-Huban] (c.1265-1245) reigns in the middle period of a new upsurge of Elamite power. The Elamites are of the country of Elam, located south-west of Mesopotamia, and whose capital is old Susa. Untash-Gal and his successors are notable for their spectacular architecture, including a ziggurat and beautiful sculptures located in the city of Dur-Untash. The Elamites spoke a unique language, not related to any other, ancient or modern, and will not be completely understood in the future by those who rediscover this civilization. Elam was also unusual in having a matriarchal social structure; although the rulers were male, succession to the throne was through the female line, a new king being called the ‘son of his sister’. Elamite culture will eventually be submerged under the growing power of the Medes and Persians.
Stele of Untash-Gal depicting a local god with snakes [Louvre]
c1250 BCE
KHAEMWESE priest and eldest a son of Ramesses II, made the first recorded history of Egypt. Khaemwese was a high priest of Ptah and a noted magician. He was a student of the inscriptions on temple walls at Sakkara, and the sacred books of the temple libraries.
Ptah “I will live and have power through bread’ [Am Dwat]
SHALMANESER I (1274-45 BCE) of Assyria, founds the temple site of the future city of Nimrud on previous ruins on the east bank of the Tigris. The walls of Nimrud’s palace-temple will depict the Babylonian god Enlil/Bel and his consort Ninlil/Beltis paying homage to the sacred tree. The city of Nimrud, the ancient Biblical Kalhu or Calah, will be named after the legendary hunting hero Nimrod. The city of Nimrud in the future will be further extended by Ashur-nasipal II as the capital of Assyria (c883 BCE), only to be finally overthrown by the Medes in 612 BCE. One temple at this site is dedicated to Ninurtu or Nimrud (patron god of the earlier Kulhu); one temple is dedicated to Nabu, god of writing, and contains a cuneiform archive. Shalmaneser will conquer Israel and scatter its tribes who had taken up residence there following the Exodus.
TUKULTI-NINURTA I (d.1208) is the successor of Shalmanser I, and continues the building up of the Assyrian Empire.
1200 BCE
AUA an Egyptian scribe writes a text on primary cosmic forces, whilst the island of Crete is destroyed by an historical sea-quake, and its migrating Cretan inhabitants move through Syria by way of Asia Minor and thence sail to the west. These refugees arrive at Gaetulia in North Africa and finally reach Ireland via Spain to become the Irish Milesians. This would explain the wide distribution to be found of ‘Celtic’ design in jewelry and artifacts.
Around this time also, the Hittite Empire is being destroyed, by human invaders rather than a natural disaster. These invaders come from the west and are called the ‘Sea People”, who may well have been Atlantians. Assyria rises to power, and inherits the culture and religion that come through Sumeria and then Babylon. The Assyrian chief god, Asher, took on the attributes of the earlier gods, Enlil of Sumer and Marduk of Babylon. The new Assyrian law is based on the code of the earlier Babylonian king Hammurabi.